Zoning incentives that can benefit your development

May 14, 2024

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Navigating zoning ordinances in your local area can be a daunting task. After all, the legal frameworks of local governments tend to be complicated to interpret at their best, and altogether impossible at their worst.

Yet for professionals in development and building design, this step is critical for understanding all the ins and outs of local zoning. A proper interpretation of zoning code helps them figure out what types of projects will work in different parts of the cities, as well as what types of incentive zoning may be available to them in certain jurisdictions, such as reduced parking or more square footage for the project.

According to the Cornell Legal Information Institute, Incentive Zoning is:

“a land-use regulation strategy that allows property owners to receive certain benefits or exemptions from zoning restrictions in exchange for meeting certain public goals or objectives. It essentially provides an economic incentive for property owners to undertake certain activities that benefit the community.”

As Ben Weber, a planner with Walker Consultants, describes it:

“Providing affordable housing is one of the more common methods used to reduce parking requirements. Another popular allowance is by meeting building energy efficiency targets. The bonus can vary, from additional square footage or dwellers units to reduced parking requirements.”

Although many cities have begun to get rid of minimum parking requirements altogether, until then, developers will have to rely on incentives to reduce parking. In jurisdictions with very strict regulations when it comes to new development projects, especially ones requiring extensive amounts of off-street parking as part of the development, these incentives can often make or break a project.

In this article, we’ll dive into some of the most common zoning incentives in the United States, showing what types of incentives they provide for developments as well as what requirements they stipulate as part of the deal. Along with this, the article will provide some specific examples from various cities.

Transit-oriented development areas

A common incentive zoning strategy utilizes what is known as a transit-oriented area/zone to encourage certain types of development. Typically, this zone allows developments to reduce (or sometimes eliminate) parking, and/or expand the floor area of their development.

In some cases, these types of transit-oriented areas are implemented statewide. For example, in California, parking minimums have been done away with for housing, retail, and commercial developments within a half mile of a major public transit stop.

You can check the transit-oriented development ordinances in your city to determine what types of parking reductions you can take advantage of. Outside of California, many cities haven’t done away with parking minimums completely, instead opting to reduce parking requirements by a certain percentage. 

One example is San Antonio, Texas, which reduces the percentage of minimum parking that needs to be built depending on proximity to the major public transit stop. Some developments at the edge of the zone might be required to build 75% of the required parking, while developments located right by the transit stop may have no parking requirements at all.

Outside of the half-mile erasure of parking minimums in California, overlay zones in San Diego have also reduced parking requirements. Developers can opt in to the Transit Area Overlay Zone (TAOZ) in various areas of San Diego, which offers them a reduction of 0.25 parking spaces per residential unit and a reduction of 4.3 parking spaces per 1,000 square feet of commercial floor space.

If you’re a developer looking to purchase land, it’s worth getting a full report on the property. This report should include information on whether it is located within a transit-oriented area that offers reduced parking requirements.

Developments with affordable housing

Cities typically have to encourage developers to build affordable housing by providing them with an incentive to sweeten the deal. This is one of the reasons affordable housing has become tied with parking reduction when it comes to development deals.

Developments that include affordable housing are able to opt-in to these mechanisms provided by the city. Typically, parking requirements are reduced if you include a certain amount of affordable housing as part of the development. 

Oftentimes, these requirements translate into percentages of the housing total that have to be dedicated to affordable housing. The requirements for the amount of affordable housing that needs to be built can change depending on the jurisdiction the development is located in.

Evanston, IL, for example, removes the parking requirement for all units within developments that include “5 percent on-site affordable housing or 10 percent on-site housing with public financing”.

It’s common to see these types of affordable housing incentives in California, where affordable housing is in dire need. One example is Anaheim, which offers a density bonus for building affordable housing. In addition to that, they also offer impact fee deferments, expedited entitlements, and energy efficiency rebates to developers who offer the city affordable housing.

This benefit can be even greater when building affordable housing near transit. Los Angeles’ Transit Oriented Communities Incentive Program does just this, offering tiers of incentives based on the amount of affordable housing, and includes increases in density and FAR (Floor Area Ratio) and a decrease in parking requirements. For example, tier 4 would require no parking for residential units, and a 40% reduction of parking for commercial units.

Providing public amenities

During the development process, jurisdictions can request that the development include certain types of public amenities. These public amenities can include a public park or greenspace, affordable commercial space, or a space in need by the community, such as day care facilities.

The Seattle city website lists some other options for this type of incentive zoning, including bathrooms, right-of-way improvements to improve public access, accessibility to light rail, and public bathrooms. In the case of Seattle, the development must also meet a green building requirement, using 15% less energy than the minimum building code requirement and gaining specific certifications such as LEED Gold.

Oftentimes, the extent and type of public amenity that the development will include is negotiated between the development team and the jurisdiction it’s being built in. This includes the reduction in parking or increased density that the developer will get as part of the deal.

This incentive typically includes reductions in parking requirements or an award of more square footage of units to the development.

One example of this type of incentive is the city of  Los Angeles, which provides additional floor area to a project if it builds a publicly accessible outdoor space as part of the project. The Seattle incentive listed above also offers more floor area for the various public improvements they encourage.

Environmentally-friendly building

Energy-efficient developments can also take advantage of some parking benefits. These reduced parking requirements often are granted to buildings that achieve certain standards of LEED or other green building certifications. These can include LEED Gold, Passive Building, or Evergreen Sustainable Development Standard, among others.

Typically, the benefits offered for green buildings end up being density bonuses. Such is the case in the city of Miami, which offers a percentage bonus of floor area depending on what level of certification the project achieves.

For example, a LEED Silver building under 50,000 sq. ft. is allowed a bonus FLR (Floor Lot Ratio) of 2%. A LEED Gold building is offered double that, with a 4% bonus to the FLR. LEED Platinum buildings are offered a much more substantial bonus of 13% to the FLR.

The city of Boise, on the other hand, offers a 50% parking reduction in certain zones if the “Project contains all electric or geothermal energy source, consumes 15% less energy or meets green building code, consumes 15% less water, and dedicates on-site space for recycling.”

Use incentives to benefit your development

Staying up to date on the various incentives in your area allows a developer to build more efficiently, saving money and time in the process. 

Incentives are also always changing. Some new city incentives might ask developers to build EV spots as part of their development. This might look like a reduction of two spaces for every one new EV spot. In other cases the incentive might look like dedicating space to car or bike sharing, depending on what the city is in need of.

At the same time, the ground is shifting in the world of parking requirements. Weber points out that many cities might get rid of their minimum parking minimums altogether in the very near future. As parking requirements change throughout the country, it’s important to keep parking management technology as a priority when planning your development. Modern solutions like Parkade can help buildings park more cars in fewer spots, ensuring that you get the maximum use out of your parking areas. 

Until parking requirements are completely away with, the current system of incentives will continue to play a vital role in reducing parking and increasing density in developments around American cities.

“Adjustments to parking requirements can get pretty complex,” Weber notes, which is why it’s helpful to have a planner on hand to help interpret the code and determine what type of project can be built.

With a thorough knowledge of incentives in their pocket, a developer is one step closer to realizing their development vision, and to ensuring a successful and profitable end result to the project.

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BlogParking Management Software ROI

Investigating the ROI of parking management software

With parking being one of the largest drivers of ancillary revenue at multi-family properties, it's imperative to get it right. But just how much return can you expect from parking management software? Read on to find out.

Published: August 7, 2024
Hannah Michelle Lambert
Content Writer

Boosting ancillary revenue is often a major focus for property managers and owners alike.

Especially given that the baseline forecast for rent growth is slightly lower this year than average (2.5% versus 2.9%), properties are increasingly looking for ways to raise their bottom line without compromising the quality of living for their residents. 

One often overlooked but significant opportunity lies in parking. If managed well, it’s a potential treasure trove for additional revenue. But that’s only if it’s done well. 

Parking tends to be one of the biggest thorns in the side of a property manager. Because traditional systems — like spreadsheets and rentable items — are not built to handle tenant parking efficiently, teams aren't able to reap the full benefits parking has to offer as an ancillary revenue source. As soon as a team makes the decision to invest in a proper parking management system, the benefits often more than pay for themselves.

In this guide, we will explore those benefits, touching on both the financial and operational upside of a solid parking management strategy.

We’ve combed the data from all of our clients to identify the exact numbers to prove that there truly is ROI in parking management systems like Parkade. 

Understanding parking management

Before we dive into the numbers, let’s first establish a baseline of what exactly parking management entails. As any property manager will tell you, it involves much more than just hanging a tag on a resident’s car and calling it a day.

The key components of a parking management system are:

  • A system of record to track parking assignments, lease lengths, vehicle details, and parking prices, ideally integrated with your PMS.
  • An enforcement strategy that ensures parking rules are clear and establishes consequences (typically fines or towing) when someone breaks them.
  • A method to pay for parking, whether it’s bundled in with rent (which we don’t recommend) or paid for in a separate system.
  • A self-serve system for residents and guests to book long or short-term parking. 
  • If there is a gate on the property, provisioning and deprovisioning of gate entry should also be considered in the parking management strategy. 

The old-school way of addressing these needs isn’t cutting it anymore. Many properties are still using manual processes, like an Excel spreadsheet, rentable items, or even a physical piece of paper to keep track of their parking. 

And far too often, properties are relying too heavily on staff members to handle parking matters that take up a significant amount of time, like enforcement or guest parking.

Moreover, there’s one point that just can’t be ignored: If you’re still using old-school parking management systems like spreadsheets and rentable items, you’re leaving money on the table. 

So the parking management we’re discussing here that delivers positive ROI is a technology-led solution that automates all aspects of parking operations, improves resident experience, and unlocks new revenue streams.

Setting the stage: Residents value good parking

Delivering on resident expectations should be a main priority for any multifamily property, and parking is one area of the resident experience that is especially critical to consider here. 

65% of property managers cite parking as a top concern among residents. Whether it’s for existing residents or prospective residents, providing a simple, reliable, and flexible parking solution has a direct impact on the success of your property. 

Part of this is due to reputation. Properties have reported a 44% increase in their reputation scores after fixing their parking problems. And this boost in a reputation score can trickle into several different areas, boosting not only the number of new residents, but also leading to more renewals from existing residents.

But we know you want the hard dollar amounts, so let’s talk more about some real-world outcomes that Parkade's parking management software delivers. 

So, what do the numbers say about the ROI of parking management software?

Long-term net parking revenue for stabilized buildings

Once properties implement a system to help them optimize pricing and management of long-term parking, they see immediate gains in their long-term parking revenue. The average 6-month increase in net long-term parking revenue for the cohort of 7 properties we sampled was 24%, translating into thousands of extra dollars. 

Long-term net parking revenue for lease-ups

Better parking management also empowers properties to far outperform their projected revenue from long-term parking when they’re in the lease-up phase. 

On average, properties from the cohort we sampled estimated that they would bring in $15,925 on average from long-term parking revenue per month. But thanks to Parkade helping them optimize their parking strategy, better enforce their parking rules, and keep a better record of who is parking where, the average revenue from long-term parking was $23,450 on average, which is a 47.3% increase from the estimates in their pro forma. 

Total net parking revenue for stabilized buildings

For buildings that are already at full occupancy, the average increase in parking revenue sits at 31% once they implement Parkade’s parking management solution. 

Revenue metrics for lease-ups

The best time to implement new parking management systems is at the inception of the building. Getting parking right from the beginning ensures that you are maximizing total parking revenue from day one, as well as establishing a positive reputation around parking. Many properties underestimate the revenue from long-term parking and may often leave out potential short-term parking revenue altogether. 

When a few properties we worked with during this phase were estimating parking revenue at the start of their lease-up, they estimated around $35,000 on average. But the results, since they decided to go with Parkade right from the start, blew those numbers out of the water. In reality, they were able to bring in closer to $58,000 on average, which is a 66% increase from the estimates.

Short-term parking: An opportunity

The boost in revenue continues to be apparent when you zoom out to look at short-term parking, too. Short-term guest parking can be one of the most underutilized revenue streams, and represents a huge opportunity for multi-family properties to tap into. However, it's historically been very difficult or impossible for properties to see this revenue without parking management software that automates the process.

Especially in popular areas, like city centers or near shopping malls and sporting arenas, there’s often a high demand for short-term parking. When properties put a system in place to monetize this guest parking, they can unlock hundreds or even thousands of extra dollars per month. 

Automating guest parking

Without a good system in place to manage parking, many properties often leave guest parking as a free-for-all (meaning they don’t make money from it), or if they do attempt to monetize guest parking, it turns into a massive beast to handle. 

Erica, a property manager at Thrive Properties, told us about her pre-Parkade experience with guest parking, preventing them from delivering on a key resident need: “There was no world where we were doing short-term parking by the hour or even by the day because there was just no way to manage that.”

If you have a complicated or inconvenient system for guests to reserve parking, especially one where they have to walk into the office during office hours, guests are often more likely to try to get away with not paying for parking. (And if you don’t have a great system to enforce parking, they may very well get away with it).

With the right parking system, you’re able to give guests a flexible, 24/7 solution, removing any previous barriers that may have caused them to break the rules out of convenience. 
Maximizing guest parking availability

Another way that manual parking management may stand in the way of effectively monetizing guest parking is the inability to accurately track how many spots you have available for guests to reserve in the first place. 

Taylor, the property manager at Strata and Venue, shared her experience of desperately needing more guest parking and discovering they had a full 50 more open spots than they thought. 

“We actually had way more spots that we could have used for guest parking, but we didn’t know that because of the way we were using our parking system. Not to mention, we wouldn’t have the system to leverage them without a Parkade.”

When your parking management system gives you an accurate, real-time view of available spots, you can leverage guest parking to its full capacity.

Utilizing idle parking spots

A reliable parking-management system also allows you to make the most use of every single spot available. With technology that uses smart inventory management, properties can release idle or unassigned parking spots into the system for short-term use. So spots that would have otherwise been sitting empty between leases can suddenly be leveraged as an extra revenue-generating spot in the meantime. 

Net revenue for short-term guest parking

When properties have a great system to implement paid guest parking, without putting too much strain on their staff, they immediately see a boost in revenue.

They’re able to turn an operation that was perhaps bringing in no money — or some revenue, perhaps at the expense of staff time —  into a significant revenue source with little-to-no staff involvement. 

On average, Parkade customers experience a 303% increase in their guest parking revenue after Parkade fees. And there were some properties that saw almost a 400% increase.

Opex (operational expenses) savings

When handled manually, parking management can steal hours from on-site property management teams every week. Between fielding requests or complaints from residents, tracking down parking records, walking the lot to enforce rules, handling guest parking, and manually inputting rentable items, parking can quickly balloon into one of the most time-consuming tasks for staff.

Parking management software can automate away a lot of the most tedious aspects. For example, Parkade gives residents self-service access to reserve and pay for parking (while allowing for any rule sets the property wants to enforce), provides hands-off enforcement support, and even automates gate access via the app so that teams don’t have to worry about distributing or replacing clickers. 

Properties have seen that the time teams no longer spend on parking leads to a direct decrease in operational expenses. As a result, they can redistribute those team members' time to more meaningful tasks.

On average, we’ve seen properties decrease their operational expenses by $60,000-$100,000 from savings on parking operations alone. This means that they were able to save what’s equal to a full-time employee’s salary. 

Annual NOI improvement

All of the revenue metrics mentioned up until this point have been after Parkade's fees. 

When you roll everything up together — both the increase in revenue (after fees) and the opex savings — investing in parking management software has an incredibly positive impact on annual Net Operating Income (NOI).

Whether teams are looking to calculate their property value, secure financing, make operational decisions, or pitch to investors, NOI is one of the most critical numbers to boost. 

By coming at NOI from both sides, in terms of opex savings and revenue generation, parking management technology is extremely low-hanging fruit when it comes to boosting NOI. 

At the Parkade properties we surveyed, teams saw anywhere from a $66,000 to $126,000 improvement to their net operating income from parking alone. 

While parking may not seem like it deserves to be the biggest priority for many properties, the numbers tell a different story. By investing in a proper parking solution, properties are able to significantly improve upon all of their business goals, whether it’s boosting revenue, streamlining operations, improving resident experience, or all of the above. 

About Parkade

Parkade is the #1 parking management software for multi-family buildings. With our resident-facing app and staff dashboard, parking runs itself. Your team will boost revenue, reduce time spent on parking, and improve experience for residents and guests, all without lifting a finger.

Explore our features below, built for communities just like yours.

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